Design of Ventilation& Air conditioning System for Buildings Specialization

This course underscores the critical role of ventilation in maintaining indoor air quality, particularly in shared spaces like office environments. Using the example of an office space where numerous individuals continuously respire, the constant release of carbon dioxide necessitates a consistent introduction of fresh air to prevent air dilution. The natural ventilation system is explored in-depth, unraveling the mechanisms of the Stack effect and Wind effect. These concepts are not only instrumental in understanding natural ventilation but also serve as the basis for calculating pressure differentials between the windward and leeward sides of a building.

Moving forward, the course delves into the basics of Mechanical Ventilation Systems, offering insights into their advantages and disadvantages compared to natural ventilation. This knowledge is crucial for selecting the appropriate ventilation system based on specific applications. Learners are guided through calculating ventilation equipment capacity using air flow rate calculation methods. Additionally, the course addresses the importance of Life Safety Systems in commercial buildings, covering various components that contribute to enhancing occupant safety. The focus then shifts to the significance of Staircase Pressurization Systems in ensuring building occupant life safety during emergencies. The intricate process of creating pressurization in staircases for efficient building evacuation is explored, accompanied by a sample calculation to determine the required equipment capacity. By the course's conclusion, learners will be adept at conducting air flow rate and staircase pressurization calculations, drawing from practical experiences on large projects. The course further expands its scope to Lift Well and Lift Lobby Pressurization Systems, explaining their critical role in maintaining safe exits during fire emergencies, thereby safeguarding both life and property. Learners gain an understanding of the guidelines set forth by the National Building Code (NBC) and the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) regarding these pressurization systems. The course delves into considerations of air leakages and gains in lift lobbies and wells, aiding in the calculation of pressurization fan capacities to meet standards. A crucial aspect covered in the course is the danger posed by smoke in emergency situations. Smoke extraction systems are explored in detail, encompassing various components and the requisite codes for designing such systems. National Building Code (NBC) standards are highlighted, providing students with a solid foundation for designing smoke extraction systems tailored to different spaces, including car parks, office spaces, and atriums. Upon completing this course, students not only acquire practical skills in air flow rate and pressurization calculations but also gain a profound understanding of the standards and codes governing ventilation, life safety, and smoke extraction systems. Target Learners: 1. Knowledge of Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer 2. Undergraduate students of Mechanical who are in either Vth, VIth, VIIth or VIIIth semester 3. Graduate students of Mechanical 4. Working professionals with B.Tech./B.E., in Mechanical 5. Diploma students of Mechanical

HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) systems form the backbone of climate control in various facilities, ensuring optimal indoor conditions for comfort, productivity, and health. An in-depth understanding of key components and design principles is crucial for professionals working in the field. This comprehensive overview aims to delve into the essential aspects of HVAC, covering high side and low side equipment, air handling units, chiller and cooling tower systems, chilled water pumping systems, piping and duct design, as well as external static pressure and insulation.

High side equipment plays a pivotal role in the HVAC system, focusing on the heat absorption and rejection process. Chillers, the cornerstone of this system, utilize different mechanisms such as absorption, centrifugal, or reciprocating, tailoring their operation to specific requirements. Complementing chillers are cooling towers, which dissipate heat from the system, ensuring optimal efficiency. Understanding the classifications and components of these systems is fundamental to their effective integration into HVAC designs. On the other hand, low side equipment involves air distribution and regulation. Air Handling Units (AHUs) are central to this function, ensuring the circulation and conditioning of air within a controlled environment. The classification of AHUs, such as single-zone, dual-zone, or multi-zone, provides flexibility in meeting diverse spatial requirements. Fan Coil Units (FCUs) further refine air temperature control, considering mounting types like horizontal, vertical, or ceiling-mounted units. Chillers, with their ability to cool water or other fluids, are critical for temperature regulation in HVAC systems. Understanding their classifications based on mechanism and their interplay with cooling towers enhances system efficiency. Cooling towers, categorized as natural draft, forced draft, or induced draft, contribute to the heat dissipation process, optimizing overall performance. AHUs regulate and circulate air, ensuring a comfortable indoor environment. Understanding their major components – filters, coils, humidifiers, fans, dampers, and controls – is essential for effective design and operation. Classification based on airflow and configuration, along with considerations for specific applications, provides a holistic understanding of AHUs. This system involves the circulation of chilled water through chillers, pumps, piping, and terminal units. Different distribution schemes, such as Constant Primary Flow or Primary Variable Flow, dictate water distribution. Important terminologies like static head, dynamic head, and Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) are vital for efficient system design and operation. Efficient transport of fluids and air is facilitated through well-designed piping and duct systems. Understanding chilled water pipe sizing, duct sizing methods, and considerations for fittings and accessories ensures optimal system performance. Duct construction materials, insulation, and support systems are critical factors in achieving energy-efficient HVAC designs. External static pressure is a key parameter influencing the airflow and efficiency of HVAC systems. Proper understanding and management of this pressure are essential for maintaining optimal conditions. Insulation principles, encompassing heat transfer fundamentals and material selection, play a crucial role in mitigating energy losses and ensuring system efficiency. In conclusion, a comprehensive understanding of these HVAC components and systems is imperative for professionals in the field. From the high side and low side equipment to the intricacies of air handling units, pumping systems, and piping and duct design, a holistic approach ensures the successful design, installation, and maintenance of efficient HVAC systems tailored to diverse environmental needs. Ongoing advancements in technology and industry standards necessitate continuous learning and adaptation for HVAC professionals to stay at the forefront of this dynamic field. Target Learners: 1. Knowledge of Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer 2. Undergraduate students of Mechanical who are in either Vth, VIth, VIIth or VIIIth semester 3. Graduate students of Mechanical 4. Working professionals with B.Tech./B.E., in Mechanical 5. Diploma students of Mechanical

In the dynamic field of HVAC technology, strategies like Demand Control Ventilation (DCV) are revolutionizing indoor air quality and energy efficiency. DCV dynamically adjusts ventilation rates based on real-time occupancy and air quality indicators, optimizing conditions for occupants while minimizing energy consumption. Adherence to codes and standards, notably ASHRAE Standard 62.1, ensures the safety and efficiency of DCV systems.

A key focus of DCV is monitoring and controlling carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, a crucial indicator of indoor air quality. Elevated CO2 levels prompt real-time adjustments in ventilation rates, preventing the accumulation of pollutants and promoting a constant supply of fresh air. This adaptive approach aligns with principles promoting occupant health and well-being. Designing ventilation rates within DCV involves considering factors such as occupancy, space size, and specific application requirements. Strategies like damper control and precise positioning efficiently meet ventilation demands. DCV's versatility extends to both Constant Air Volume (CAV) and Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems. In Constant Air Volume (CAV) systems, DCV optimizes airflow by modulating it based on real-time occupancy and air quality data. This ensures ventilation precisely tailored to the immediate needs of the space, balancing energy efficiency and air quality maintenance. In Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems, DCV adjusts the air supply to match demand, optimizing energy conservation without compromising air quality. An example illustrates the seamless integration of DCV within a VAV system, showcasing practical impact. CO2 sensors, including advanced types like nondispersive infrared (NDIR) sensors, play a pivotal role in DCV systems. Proper sensor placement ensures accurate readings, enhancing overall effectiveness by providing precise data on indoor air quality. Shifting to the broader context of HVAC, understanding fans, their history, and diverse applications is essential. Fans, integral to industrial processes and electronics cooling, have evolved with various types, including centrifugal and axial fans. Appreciating fan terminologies like pressure, flow rate, speed, and efficiency becomes vital. Centrifugal fans excel in scenarios requiring directed and pressurized airflow, while axial fans are ideal for linear airflow applications. Grasping fan terminologies is crucial for optimizing performance. The affinity laws and fan control strategies govern efficiency, providing insights into operational optimization. Fan performance curves visually depict relationships between airflow, pressure, and power consumption, aiding in selecting and optimizing fan systems. Expanding the horizon, Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) systems mark a milestone in HVAC technology. Evolving from traditional systems, VRF systems offer a dynamic and energy-efficient approach. Continuous advancements introduce features like individual zone control, energy efficiency, and adaptability to variable loads. The escalating demand for energy-efficient HVAC solutions underscores the need for VRF systems. Their capacity for simultaneous heating and cooling, coupled with precise temperature control, makes them preferred in various applications. Designing VRF systems involves meticulous consideration of factors like building size, occupancy, and specific requirements for each zone. The connectivity or combination ratio, indicating the number of indoor units connected to a single outdoor unit, significantly influences system efficiency. In conclusion, from Demand Control Ventilation to advanced fan systems and Variable Refrigerant Flow, these strategies form a comprehensive picture of HVAC technology. Rooted in energy efficiency and sustainability, they play a pivotal role in shaping the future of indoor environmental control, catering to occupant comfort, operational efficiency, and environmental responsibility. Target Learners: 1. Knowledge of Thermodynamics & Heat Transfer 2. Undergraduate students of Mechanical who are in either Vth, VIth, VIIth or VIIIth semester 3. Graduate students of Mechanical 4. Working professionals with B.Tech./B.E., in Mechanical 5. Diploma students of Mechanical